Nguva Inobhururuka: Germany's Groundbreaking Cannabis Reform Law (CanG) Inopemberera Kupemberera Kwayo Kwekutanga
Vhiki rino rinocherekedza gore rimwe chete remutemo wekugadzirisa cannabis kuGermany, iyo CanG. Kubva Kubvumbi 1, 2024, Germany yakaisa mazana emamiriyoni emaeuro mubazi rekurapa cannabis, yakadzivirira mazana ezviuru zvekupomerwa mhosva, uye yakapa mamirioni evagari kodzero yekushandisa zviri pamutemo cannabis kekutanga. Zvisinei, shanduko inoramba iine nharo uye ine zvematongerwo enyika zvakanyanya. Sezvo cannabis inopikisa Christian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union (CDU/CSU) uye pro-cannabis Social Democratic Party (SPD) vachienderera mberi nenhaurirano dzekuumba hurumende yemubatanidzwa, ramangwana reindasitiri yecannabis yeGermany harina kujeka. Zvisinei nekuti mubatanidzwa mutsva unoyedza kubvisa CanG, mutemo wakatove nekukanganisa kwehupfumi hweGermany nenharaunda. Rimwe gore gare gare, zvinoita sekunge genie ichave yakaoma kudzorera mubhodhoro.
Mhedzisiro yeMutemo weCannabis kuGermany
Iyo 《Cannabis Control Act (CanG)》, iyo yakatanga kushanda musi waKubvumbi 1, 2024, inobvumira vakuru kuti vatore zviri pamutemo, kudya, uye kurima zvinosvika zvitatu zvecannabis kumba. Mimwe mirau yakaitwa muna Chikunguru 1, 2024, yakabvumidza kuumbwa kwemasangano ekurima asina purofiti, zvichiita kuti nhengo dzikure uye dzigovane cannabis kuti ishandiswe nevakuru. Nepo Germany isiri iyo nyika yekutanga yeEurope kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo cannabis munyika yose, shanduko yayo yemutemo pasina mubvunzo ndeimwe yeakanyanya kukosha mukondinendi.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha mumutemo - kunyanya kubva pamaonero ehupfumi - kwaive kubviswa kwecannabis kubva pane rondedzero yezvinodhaka zvinodhaka, izvo zvakakurudzira kuwedzera muindasitiri yecannabis yekurapa yeGermany. Maererano ne 《German Cannabis Industry Association (BvCW)》, mutemo wakafambisa kukura munzvimbo nhatu dzakakosha.
Medical Cannabis
Chirongwa chekuGermany chekurapa cannabis chabuda semukundi mukuru pasi peCanG itsva. Kufungidzira kunoratidza kuti muna 2024, indasitiri yakakwezva € 300 miriyoni mukudyara, inosvika zviuru mazana maviri nemakumi mana emamiriyoni emadhora yakanangana nemusika unobudirira wekurapa. Sangano iri zvakare rinofanotaura kuti mari yechikamu ichi inogona kusvika 1 bhiriyoni panosvika 2025.
Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvakabatsira mabhizimisi zvakajeka, 《Federal Association of Pharmaceutical Cannabinoid Companies (BPC)》 inotaura kuti yakavandudzawo kutarisirwa kwevarwere.
"Kukosha kwekudyara muindasitiri yecannabis yezvokurapa kunoratidza kukosha kwayo kuri kukura kwekuchengetedza hutano kuGermany. Kusimukira kwakasimba uku kwakabatsira zvikuru mukuona kuti varwere vawana marapirwo emhando yepamusoro, anovimbiswa cannabinoid-based," akadaro Antonia Menzel, Sachigaro weBPC.
Iyo ichangoburwa yepamutemo data yekupinza inoratidza uku kukurumidza kuwedzera kwemusika, kunobatsira kwete chete epamba cannabis makiriniki asiwo vatengesi vepasi rese. Sekureva kwe 《German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM)》, Germany yakaunza kunze kwenyika anopfuura makumi manomwe metric matani emaruva akaomeswa ecannabis nechinangwa chekurapa nesainzi muna 2024 - inodarika kaviri matani makumi matatu nemaviri akatengeswa kunze kwenyika gore rapfuura.
Muchikamu chechina chegore ra2024 chete, Germany yakaunza 31,691 kg yemaruva akaomeswa ecannabis, kuwedzera kwe53% kubva ku20,654 kg yekota yapfuura. Zvichienzaniswa nechikamu chechina cha2023 (CanG isati yatanga kushanda), zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvakasimudzwa ne272%.
Yakazvimirira data kubva kumakambani ecannabis inowedzera kutsigira maitiro aya. Kutanga gore rino, 《Bloomwell Group》, mumwe wevanonyanya kushandisa cannabis muGermany, yakashuma **1,000% yekuwedzera** mumagwaro akagamuchirwa nemishonga yecannabis kubva munaKurume kusvika Zvita 2024 zvichitevera shanduko yepamutemo.
Kurimwa Kwepamba & Kurimwa Masangano
Zvinoenderana nedanho rekutanga kubva kuProhibition Partners 'iri kuuya European Cannabis Report: 10th Edition, kubva munaKurume 2025, zvinopfuura mazana mashanu zvikumbiro zvemasangano ekurima cannabis zvakatumirwa kuGermany, nekungobvumidzwa zana nemakumi mapfumbamwe chete. Aya masangano anobvumira nhengo dzevakuru kuti dziwane zviri pamutemo cannabis kuburikidza nenhengo yavo.
Matunhu ane marezinesi mazhinji akapihwa ndeaNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Lower Saxony, uye Rhineland-Palatinate, ayo pamwe chete anoverengera anosvika makumi matanhatu muzana emvumo dzese dzakapihwa kuGermany.
Pamusoro pezvo, iyo BvCW inocherekedza "boom" mukurima kwemba, kutyaira kutengesa kwembeu, fetereza, marambi ekurimisa, uye zvimwe midziyo.
"Zvigadzirwa izvi zvakatengeswa mukati memavhiki kana mwedzi." Muongororo yevamiriri, 11% yevatori vechikamu vakaratidza kufarira kurima cannabis kumba. Mutemo mutsva wagadzira mabasa uye wakasimudzira hupfumi.
Kuderedza Mhosva
Nharo huru yakaitwa neve traffic light coalition (SPD, Greens, FDP) mukusundidzira CanG yaive yekuti yaizodzikisa hutsotsi, kumisa musika mutema, uye kubvumidza vemutemo kuti vatarise mhosva dzakakomba.
Imwe yebudiriro huru yemutemo kwave kukanganisa kwawakaita pautongi hweutsotsi. Kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo kwaita kuti zviremera zveGermany zvikwanise kunangidzirazve zviwanikwa kurwisa mhosva dzakakomba. Sekureva kweDer Spiegel, vanenge zviuru zana kupomedzerwa mhosva kwakadziviswa kubva pakunyoreswa zviri pamutemo.
Bhuku racho rakati: “MuBavaria—nharaunda inonyanya kutsoropodza cannabis—mhosva dzine chokuita necannabis dzakadzikira ne56% kusvika ku15,270 muna 2024. KuNorth Rhine-Westphalia, mhosva dzakadai dzakaderera neinopfuura hafu (53%) zvichienzaniswa negore rapfuura.”
Humwe huwandu hwemapurisa nehutsotsi hwakawanikwa neDer Spiegel hunoratidza kuti mhosva dzine chekuita nezvinodhaka muGermany dzakadzikira nechikamu chimwe chete muzvitatu muna 2024, ukuwo hutsotsi hwenyika hwakaderera ne1.7%.
“Hapana humbowo hunoratidza kuti mutemo wakonzera ‘kuwedzera kwemhosva dzezvinodhaka’ kana kuti dzimwe njodzi, sezvinotaurwa nevamwe vari mumasangano eCDU/CSU,” mushumo wacho wakadaro.
Ongororo yapfuura yakaitwa neDüsseldorf Heinrich Heine University Institute for Competition Economics inofungidzira kuti kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo-kushandisa cannabis kunogona kuchengetedza mapurisa eGermany nematare edzimhosva kusvika ku1.3 bhiriyoni pagore.
Nekudaro, Ministry of Interior yakarasa ongororo iyi, ichiti "hapana humbowo hwekuti kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo kwakadzvinyirira musika usiri pamutemo kana kuderedza kudiwa."
Izvi zvinoonekwa zvichibva pakuti mhosva dzezvinodhaka dzakadzika ne33% - kunyanya "mhosva dzevatengi" - iko zvino kushandiswa kuri pamutemo. Zvichakadaro, zviremera zvakanyora kutyorwa kwemutemo mutsva kunosvika chiuru, kwainyanya kukonzerwa nekutengesa zvisiri pamutemo, kutengeswa zvisiri pamutemo, uye kuva nezvinhu zvisiri pamutemo.
Vamwe vakuru vezvemitemo vanoti mutemo unoda kuvandudzwa nekuchimbidza. VaAlexander Poetz, Mutevedzeri waSachigaro weGerman Police Union (GdP), vakadana hurumende yeramangwana kuti igadzirise mutemo uyu nekukurumidza.
"Chero bedzi mutemo unoramba usina kuchinjwa, misika mitema ichaenderera mberi, uye kuchengetedzwa kwevechidiki uye kuchengetedzwa kwemugwagwa hakugoni kuvimbiswa. Mhosva dzakarongwa dziri kushandisa zvidzitiro zvepamutemo. Kubvumirwa kwepamutemo kwechikamu hakuna kunyanya kuderedza basa remapurisa. Panguva imwecheteyo, mari yakawanda inodiwa mumichina yepamusoro yekuona, "akadaro Poetz.
Maonero evanhu
Ongororo ichangoburwa nekambani yepasi rose yembeu yeRoyal Queen Seeds yakawana kuti 51% yevabereki vekuGerman vanotenda kuti cannabis inokura kumba yakachengeteka pane cannabis inotengwa mumigwagwa (ichienzaniswa ne57% pasi rose).
Pakati pevakuru veGerman vakaongororwa, makumi mana muzana vanotsigira shanduko iyi, vane 65+ vakuru nevakaenda pamudyandigere vachisara vasina chokwadi, nepo vari pasi pemakore makumi mana ndivo vangangozvitsigira. Vanosvika makumi mashanu muzana vanotenda kuti mirairo mitsva ichavandudza ruzivo rweveruzhinji nezve cannabis.
Zvichakadaro, 41% yevashandisi vekuGerman cannabis vanoronga kurima yavo muna 2025, ne77% yevarimi vepamba vanokoshesa kurima kwavo uye 75% vachifunga kuzvikurira cannabis zvakachengeteka.
Ongororo yakasarudzika yeYouGov yevatori vechikamu zviuru zviviri yakaratidza kuti makumi mana neshanu muzana evaGerman vaizokurukura nezve cannabis yekurapa nachiremba. Nepo 7% chete ndivo vakaita kudaro, vamwe 38% vakati vaizozviita kana zvichidikanwa.
Kazhinji kazhinji, varwere ndivo vanotanga kurukurirano idzi—kwete vanachiremba. Chete 2% yevakuru vane makore 45-54 uye 1.2% yeavo 55+ vakashuma vanachiremba vavo vachikurudzira cannabis kurapwa. Vechidiki vevanhu vakaona mazinga akakwira zvishoma: 5.8% ye25-34-yemakore uye 5.3% ye35-44-ane makore ane vana chiremba vakasimudza musoro.
Pasinei nekugamuchirwa kuri kukura, rusarura runoramba ruri chipingamupinyi. Vanosvika 6% yevakapindura vakati vanodzivisa kukurukura nezve cannabis nanachiremba nekuda kwekutya kutongwa. Nekudaro, zvizvarwa zvidiki zvinonyanya kushanda: 49% yevari pasi pemakore makumi matatu nemana vakati vaizokurumidza kubvunza chiremba wavo nezve cannabis yekurapa kana zvichidikanwa.
Mhedziso
Mushure megore, kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo kwecannabis kuGermany kwakaratidza kubudirira munzira dzakawanda. Nepo kuita kwakazara kwakatarisana nezvipingaidzo - zvinosanganisira kunonoka mukuedza kwedunhu rekutengesa-kushandisa vakuru - Federal Federal Office for Agriculture and Food inonzi yatanga kugamuchira zvikumbiro, zvichireva kuti mapurojekiti akamirirwa kwenguva refu anogona kutanga.
Pakazere, iyo CanG yakawedzera hupfumi, yakaderedza kupomedzerwa kusiri madikanwa, uye yakachinja maitiro eruzhinji. Kunyangwe hurumende inotevera ichigadzirisa kana kuchengetedza mutemo, maitiro ayo haatomborambike.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-09-2025